|
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | ||||||||||||
Belgium | −2.4 | −2.4 | −0.7 | −0.9 | −2.0 | −9.1 | −5.5 | −5.0 | −4.4 | |||
Germany | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | −4.3 | −3.7 | −2.5 | −1.0 | |||
Estonia | 0.1 | −0.4 | −0.5 | −0.6 | 0.1 | −5.6 | −2.4 | −4.4 | −3.7 | |||
Ireland | −2.1 | −0.8 | −0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | −5.1 | −1.9 | −0.5 | 0.5 | |||
Greece | −5.9 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | −10.2 | −7.4 | −4.3 | −1.0 | |||
Spain | −5.3 | −4.3 | −3.1 | −2.6 | −3.1 | −10.3 | −6.9 | −4.9 | −4.4 | |||
France | −3.6 | −3.6 | −3.0 | −2.3 | −3.1 | −8.9 | −6.5 | −4.6 | −3.2 | |||
Italy | −2.6 | −2.4 | −2.4 | −2.2 | −1.5 | −9.6 | −7.2 | −5.5 | −4.3 | |||
Cyprus | −0.9 | 0.3 | 1.9 | −3.6 | 1.3 | −5.8 | −1.7 | −0.3 | −0.2 | |||
Latvia | −1.4 | 0.0 | −0.8 | −0.8 | −0.6 | −4.5 | −7.3 | −7.2 | −3.0 | |||
Lithuania | −0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | −7.3 | −1.0 | −4.6 | −2.3 | |||
Luxembourg | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 2.3 | −3.4 | 0.9 | −0.1 | 0.1 | |||
Malta | −0.8 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.6 | −9.5 | −8.0 | −5.6 | −4.6 | |||
Netherlands | −2.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | −3.7 | −2.5 | −2.7 | −2.1 | |||
Austria | −1.0 | −1.5 | −0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | −8.1 | −5.9 | −3.1 | −1.5 | |||
Portugal | −4.5 | −1.9 | −3.0 | −0.4 | 0.1 | −5.8 | −2.8 | −1.9 | −1.0 | |||
Slovenia | −2.9 | −1.9 | −0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | −7.8 | −5.2 | −4.3 | −3.4 | |||
Slovak Republic | −2.7 | −2.6 | −1.0 | −1.0 | −1.3 | −5.5 | −6.2 | −3.6 | −2.6 | |||
Finland | −2.4 | −1.7 | −0.7 | −0.9 | −1.0 | −5.5 | −2.6 | −2.2 | −1.7 | |||
EA19 | −2.0 | −1.5 | −0.9 | −0.5 | −0.7 | −7.1 | −5.1 | −3.7 | −2.5 | |||
Bulgaria | −1.9 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.1 | −4.0 | −4.1 | −3.7 | −2.4 | |||
Czech Republic | −0.6 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | −5.8 | −5.9 | −4.3 | −3.9 | |||
Denmark | −1.3 | −0.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 4.1 | −0.2 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | |||
Croatia | −3.4 | −0.9 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | −7.3 | −2.9 | −2.3 | −1.8 | |||
Hungary | −2.0 | −1.8 | −2.5 | −2.1 | −2.1 | −7.8 | −6.8 | −6.0 | −4.9 | |||
Poland | −2.6 | −2.4 | −1.5 | −0.2 | −0.7 | −6.9 | −1.9 | −4.0 | −4.4 | |||
Romania | −0.6 | −2.6 | −2.6 | −2.8 | −4.4 | −9.3 | −7.1 | −7.5 | −6.3 | |||
Sweden | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | −2.7 | −0.2 | −0.5 | 0.5 | |||
EU | −1.9 | −1.4 | −0.8 | −0.4 | −0.6 | −6.8 | −4.7 | −3.6 | −2.5 | |||
United Kingdom | −4.5 | −3.3 | −2.4 | −2.2 | −2.3 | −12.8 | −8.3 | −3.9 | −2.3 | |||
Norway | 6.0 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 7.9 | 6.6 | −2.6 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 6.5 | |||
Switzerland | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | −2.8 | −0.7 | −0.1 | 0.5 | |||
U.S.A. | −4.6 | −5.4 | −4.3 | −6.2 | −6.4 | −15.3 | −11.7 | −5.7 | −4.9 | |||
Japan | −3.7 | −3.6 | −3.1 | −2.5 | −3.0 | −9.0 | −9.1 | −5.0 | −3.9 | |||
Source: European Commission. | ||||||||||||
Sources of international organizations are used in this area to facilitate comparison. As a consequence, the data for Austria may deviate from those shown in the other sections. | ||||||||||||
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last update on 24.05.2022 14:07 |
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