DATA - Unemployment rates<sup>1</sup>

Unemployment rates¹
	2023	2024	2025	Sep. 23	Oct. 23	Nov. 23	Dec. 23	Jan. 24	Feb. 24

	% of labor force

Belgium	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.5
Germany	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2
Estonia	6.4	6.9	6.8	6.7	6.3	6.4	7.0	7.5	7.7
Ireland	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.2
Greece	11.1	10.7	9.9	10.7	10.6	10.8	10.5	10.6	11.0
Spain	12.1	11.6	11.1	11.9	11.9	11.8	11.7	11.6	11.5
France	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.5	7.4
Croatia	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.0
Italy	7.7	7.4	7.3	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.3	7.3	7.5
Cyprus	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.9	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.4
Latvia	6.5	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.9
Lithuania	6.9	6.7	6.5	7.2	7.3	7.2	7.0	7.7	7.4
Luxembourg	5.2	5.9	6.0	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.6
Malta	3.1	2.7	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.2
Netherlands	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.7
Austria	5.1	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.4	4.9	4.7
Portugal	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.7
Slovenia	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.1
Slovak Republic	5.8	5.4	5.2	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.5
Finland	7.2	7.3	7.0	7.5	7.5	7.7	7.5	7.7	7.7
EA	7.2	7.0	x	x	x	x	x	x	x



Bulgaria	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
Czech Republic	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.8	3.0	2.6
Denmark	5.1	5.2	5.5	4.8	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.6	6.6
Hungary	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4
Poland	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9
Romania	5.6	5.2	5.3	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.6
Sweden	7.7	8.5	8.6	8.1	7.9	7.9	8.2	8.2	8.0
EU	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0



United Kingdom	4.0	4.7	4.6	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.9	x	x
Norway	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.5	4.5	x
Switzerland	2.0	3.8	4.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2
U.S.A.	3.6	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9
Japan	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.6

Source: Eurostat, Macrobond, European Commission.

Sources of international organizations are used in this area to facilitate comparison. As a consequence, the data for Austria may deviate from those shown in the other sections.
¹ 2024, 2025: Forecast of the European Commission (November 2023).