DATA - Real effective exchange rates

Real effective exchange rates CPI-based, broad group of partner countries
	2023	2024	2025	Dec. 25	Jan. 26	Feb. 26	Mar. 26	Apr. 26	May 26

	Annual change in %

Belgium	3.3	0.9	1.1	0.8	−2.0	2.2	−1.1	−0.3	−0.3
Bulgaria	5.4	−0.2	1.0	2.4	1.7	1.7	0.8	2.2	2.2
Germany	2.8	1.0	1.9	3.6	3.8	3.9	2.2	0.4	0.4
Estonia	6.8	2.9	3.9	4.2	2.4	2.6	1.6	−0.3	0.0
Ireland	2.5	−0.2	2.0	5.8	6.2	6.1	3.4	1.4	1.4
Greece	2.8	1.1	2.2	3.3	3.7	4.0	x	x	x
Spain	1.4	0.4	1.3	2.9	3.0	3.2	x	x	x
France	1.8	0.0	0.7	2.2	2.1	2.4	x	x	x
Croatia	5.4	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.7	x	x	x
Italy	1.9	−0.2	1.0	2.9	3.2	4.1	x	x	x
Cyprus	4.0	0.8	0.4	2.0	3.2	3.0	0.8	0.3	0.7
Latvia	6.3	2.1	1.7	2.1	2.3	2.7	2.5	0.2	0.7
Lithuania	6.3	−1.4	1.0	1.8	1.7	2.8	2.6	1.6	1.7
Luxembourg	0.4	−0.1	0.2	1.6	1.4	1.3	0.7	−0.3	−1.1
Malta	4.2	0.9	1.6	3.9	4.2	4.2	1.9	0.4	−0.3
Netherlands	3.4	0.6	1.4	3.0	2.6	2.9	1.3	0.1	1.3
Austria	3.7	1.4	1.6	2.8	2.7	2.8	1.9	0.7	0.9
Portugal	2.3	0.1	0.6	2.0	1.6	1.8	0.8	−0.2	−0.5
Slovenia	2.7	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.1	−0.6	−0.6
Slovak Republic	5.0	1.4	3.5	4.1	3.2	3.2	2.1	1.0	0.7
Finland	2.4	0.0	1.2	2.3	1.7	2.0	0.8	−0.3	−0.1
Euro area	4.4	0.9	2.5	5.4	5.3	5.8	2.9	0.5	0.7



Czech Republic	7.8	−3.5	2.7	5.3	5.7	5.4	3.8	3.3	2.6
Denmark	3.0	−1.1	0.4	2.5	2.2	2.1	0.8	−0.8	0.1
Hungary	12.4	−0.6	2.6	11.7	11.3	10.1	5.1	11.4	13.7
Poland	9.2	7.0	2.4	2.2	1.9	0.0	−1.5	0.4	0.2
Romania	5.5	2.8	3.1	5.0	5.3	5.3	4.5	3.5	2.7
Sweden	−2.9	1.3	4.8	8.4	9.6	7.6	2.2	−0.3	−1.0



United Kingdom	2.8	4.7	2.1	−0.1	2.2	1.0	−0.1	−0.7	−2.0
Norway	−8.6	−1.9	−0.2	1.7	3.9	6.2	6.0	8.4	9.2
Switzerland	4.1	1.3	2.3	3.5	5.3	7.0	6.4	0.8	1.6
U.S.A.	0.8	2.8	0.6	−6.0	−7.5	−7.8	−4.6	−4.1	−2.8
Japan	−5.4	−6.3	0.6	−5.5	−5.4	−7.9	−9.4	−13.4	−12.1

Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Sources of international organizations are used in this area to facilitate comparison. As a consequence, the data for Austria may deviate from those shown in the other sections.