DATA - Unemployment rates<sup>1</sup>

Unemployment rates¹
	2023	2024	2025	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24	Aug. 24	Sep. 24

	% of labor force

Belgium	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.4	x
Germany	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	x
Estonia	6.4	7.4	6.9	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.8	7.9	x
Ireland	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.3
Greece	11.1	10.3	9.7	10.5	10.4	9.4	9.9	9.5	x
Spain	12.2	11.6	11.1	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.4	11.3	x
France	7.3	7.7	7.8	7.4	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	x
Croatia	6.1	5.8	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.9	x
Italy	7.7	7.5	7.3	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.4	6.2	x
Cyprus	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.0	4.8	5.1	5.4	5.4	x
Latvia	6.5	6.5	6.3	7.0	7.0	6.9	6.9	7.0	x
Lithuania	6.9	7.0	6.9	7.5	7.4	7.2	8.0	7.9	x
Luxembourg	5.2	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.9	x
Malta	3.5	3.0	2.9	3.3	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.0	x
Netherlands	3.6	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.7
Austria	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.3	x
Portugal	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.4	x
Slovenia	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	x
Slovak Republic	5.8	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	x
Finland	7.2	7.4	7.2	8.3	8.2	8.4	8.6	8.3	8.6
EA	7.2	7.0	x	x	x	x	x	x	x



Bulgaria	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	x
Czech Republic	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	x
Denmark	5.1	5.6	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.2	5.8	5.8	x
Hungary	4.1	4.5	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	x
Poland	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	x
Romania	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.1	5.4	5.5	x
Sweden	7.7	8.4	8.2	8.5	8.2	8.2	8.6	8.3	8.6
EU	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.9	x



United Kingdom	4.0	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.0	x	x
Norway	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.0	x
Switzerland	2.0	4.1	4.1	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6
U.S.A.	3.6	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1
Japan	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.5	x

Source: Eurostat, Macrobond, European Commission.

Sources of international organizations are used in this area to facilitate comparison. As a consequence, the data for Austria may deviate from those shown in the other sections.
¹ 2024, 2025: Forecast of the European Commission (May 2024).