Anna Katharina Raggl

El Niño is a recurring climate phenomenon, but the ongoing 2026/27 event may warrant particular attention. Forecasts suggest it could become very strong, potentially ranking among the strongest on record. This Policy Brief assesses what such a strong El Niño could mean for global ...

This paper examines how immigration to OECD countries shapes trade. Using data on migrants from about 180 origin countries (1995– 2023) and structural gravity estimations, it shows that migration clearly boosts trade. The main effect appears on the extensive margin, meaning that migrants ...

Geopolitical tensions have been on the rise in recent years, sparking discussion about their impact on global trade and capital flows. This study investigates whether shifts in geopolitical indicators coincide with shifts in migration patterns. Using migration flow estimates from 1990 to 2020 ...

Geopolitics have always crucially shaped migration patterns, and this effect is likely to increase for the foreseeable future. However, the concrete effects of changing migration patterns on population aging and their potential implications for monetary policy are largely unexplored. Moreover, ...